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Market Insights from Dennis Lockhart: U.S. Economic Outlook, Fed Policy, and Commercial Real Estate Trends

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Peachtree Group CEO Greg Friedman and CFO Jatin Desai hosted Dennis Lockhart, former President of the Atlanta Federal Reserve for a fireside chat conversation during Peachtree Group's annual Investor Day. Lockhart spoke on the US economic outlook, Federal Reserve policy, geopolitical risks and commercial real estate trends.

Here are key highlights from their discussion.

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Dennis Lockhart, former President of the Atlanta Federal Reserve talks with Peachtree CEO Greg Friedman and CFO Jatin Desai about the US economic outlook, Federal Reserve policy, geopolitical risk sand commercial real estate.

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Summary of the Economy:

The U.S. economy is performing well with steady growth. First-quarter growth was around 1.3-1.4% annualized GDP, but underlying indicators suggest stronger performance, with the Atlanta Fed projecting 3.1% annualized GDP growth for Q2 2024.
Unemployment is low at 4%, with recent job gains of 272,000. The private sector, especially healthcare, is driving job growth, leading to a more sustainable employment market and supporting consumer spending.
Strong employment ensures income stability for consumers, driving sustained consumption, which constitutes about 70% of GDP.
Inflation has decreased from its peak but remains above the Federal Reserve's target. The Fed prefers the Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) Index over the Consumer Price Index (CPI), with the current core PCE inflation rate at 2.7-2.8%, still above the 2% target. While adjusting the target inflation rate from 2% seems highly unlikely due to the Fed’s strong commitment and public trust in this goal, a more flexible approach within a defined range might be possible. This allows the Fed to address inflation without formally changing the target, leveraging the current economic strength to be patient and let inflation decline over time.

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Federal Open Market Committee’s Perspective:

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is committed to making decisions on interest rates and monetary policy without political influence. Over a decade of attending meetings, Dennis has rarely seen political considerations come up. However, by tradition, the FOMC avoids action in the meeting immediately before a national election to prevent any appearance of political bias. Under Jay Powell's leadership, if necessary, the FOMC would act in September, but current conditions likely won't force action until after the election.
While different policies implemented by the elected candidate could shape the economy in the long term, the election itself is not anticipated to have an immediate impact. However, if post-election circumstances lead to significant disruptions, it could give the Federal Reserve pause at their November meeting.
If inflation doesn't improve or disinflation stalls at around 2.7-2.8%, the Fed may need to raise rates further. Conversely, consistent positive disinflation data could lead to rate cuts by year-end. There are several scenarios to consider:
- ‍Sticky Inflation: If inflation remains high, the Fed might raise rates toward the end of the year or early 2025.‍
- Disinflation Resumption: Positive disinflation data could lead to rate cuts in November or December.‍
- Economic Slowdown: If the economy shows signs of faltering and businesses anticipate a recession, resulting in layoffs and reduced consumer spending, the Fed might cut rates to stabilize the situation.
- ‍Financial Instability: A financial stability event, similar to the Silicon Valley Bank incident last year, could prompt the Fed to cut rates to address underlying banking system issues, especially in commercial real estate.

The FOMC's narrative is that the economy is gradually slowing down. The employment picture remains very positive and strong, though it is rebalancing and not as robust as in 2022 and 2023. Inflation is still elevated, but the FOMC believes disinflation will resume, allowing them to begin easing policy restrictions by the end of the year. However, all of this depends on how the data comes in and the overall economic picture painted by the upcoming months. Upcoming Fed meetings are scheduled for July, September, November, and December. Policymaking remains cautious, with an emphasis on waiting for clear trends in inflation data before making further changes.

Geopolitical Risks:

Geopolitical events can significantly impact financial markets and potentially change the economic outlook for the U.S., at least temporarily. These events, often unexpected, can disrupt equity markets and influence the economy. However, the Federal Reserve tends to be largely oblivious to geopolitics. Despite being close to the State Department, the Fed staff, mostly PhD economists, focus primarily on domestic issues and rarely consult with experts on geopolitical matters. This domestic focus means that while geopolitical events are serious and can influence the economy, they are not heavily factored into the Fed's policy decisions or economic projections.

Monetary Policy:

The balance sheet is a central tool for monetary policy. When interest rates hit zero during the Great Recession and the pandemic, the Fed used quantitative easing (QE) to stimulate the economy by increasing bank reserves, which supports lending and adds liquidity to financial markets. This led to the significant expansion of the Fed's balance sheet.
Currently, the Fed is slowly reducing its balance sheet to withdraw stimulus from the economy. This process, known as quantitative tightening, aims to find a new balance that provides ample bank reserves and liquidity without disrupting credit markets. The Fed approaches this carefully to avoid financial instability, such as the incident that occurred during a previous tightening attempt. This balance sheet adjustment is a critical but often behind-the-scenes aspect of monetary policy.

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Fiscal Policy:

Fiscal policy, especially deficit spending, boosts demand and contributes to inflation. During the pandemic, significant stimulus measures supported households and businesses but also added to inflationary pressures. However, inflation is a global issue and not solely caused by domestic fiscal policy.
Federal Reserve Chairman Jay Powell acknowledges the unsustainable fiscal situation due to high debt levels but avoids criticizing Congress. The Fed factors in fiscal policy as one of many economic influences, recognizing its role in supporting growth, which can conflict with the Fed's inflation control efforts.
The Treasury's debt issuance strategy affects the bond market and banks holding these securities. Fiscal and monetary policies often create conflicting pressures, but the Fed incorporates these effects into their economic assessments and decisions.

Banking Sector:

Banks, particularly regional and community banks, have significant exposure to commercial real estate, making up around 40% of the market. While national banks have less exposure, the real estate market downturn has affected all banks, with properties like office spaces experiencing severe value declines and multifamily properties down by nearly 30% from their peak values due to high interest rates. Despite Federal Reserve Chair Powell's reassurances about the banking system's stability, there are concerns about the real-time recognition of crises. Historical precedent suggests that crises often go unnoticed until they are well underway.
The upcoming maturities of approximately $850 billion in commercial real estate loans present a potential risk. The exposure is dispersed across various financial entities, which is somewhat reassuring. However, small and regional banks are particularly vulnerable. The failure of a significant regional bank due to real estate exposure could have severe economic repercussions, unlike the manageable impact of community bank failures.
Banks are currently managing the situation by extending loan maturities, effectively buying time to stabilize individual properties. While this approach can mitigate immediate issues, it also reduces banks' lending appetite. A significant reduction in credit availability, particularly for small businesses that rely on smaller banks, could trigger a recession. This dynamic highlights the delicate balance between managing existing problems and maintaining sufficient credit flow to support economic activity.

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Commercial Real Estate:

The near-term and long-term valuations of commercial real estate, particularly in hospitality, will depend on market fundamentals. The office sector faces significant challenges due to the rise of remote work, which could reduce long-term demand for office space. Companies are still figuring out their office policies, with some adopting hybrid models.
The retail sector is affected by online shopping, and the hospitality sector is recovering from the pandemic but hasn't fully rebounded. There are no major issues expected in hospitality unless there is overbuilding.
Office spaces were already saturated pre-pandemic, and suburban offices now struggle to find tenants. Many offices remain underutilized, with some businesses likely to stay remote. Converting office buildings to apartments is often not feasible due to technical constraints.
The multifamily housing sector continues to show strong demand and remains a stable area in commercial real estate.

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Market Insights: Supplying the Tools in a Reset Market

Market Insights Q2 2025 | The commercial real estate market is resetting, and with $1.3B in loans originated, we’re focused on using private credit and disciplined structuring to uncover value where others see uncertainty.

During the California Gold Rush, thousands rushed west in search of fortune. Few struck it rich. The real winners were those who sold the picks, shovels and other tools needed to sustain the miners’ efforts. They thrived not by chasing the frenzy, but by positioning themselves with strategy and discipline.

Today’s commercial real estate market presents a similar dynamic. The market continues to experience one of its most significant resets in more than a decade. While many assets remain operationally strong, capital structures are under pressure. Higher interest rates, constrained debt markets and a steady wave of loan maturities have created a liquidity gap that traditional lenders are unwilling or unable to fill. Those positioned to provide the tools, in this case, creative solutions, stand to benefit the most.

Private credit continues to be a critical source of capital in today’s market, and our credit team’s activity reflects that demand. As of mid-August, we’ve originated more than $1.3 billion in loans and expect that momentum to continue. Notable transactions include a $53 million bridge loan for a 270-acre mixed-use development in Mesa, Arizona; a $42 million bridge loan supporting the acquisition of the Atlanta Financial Center; $36 million in construction financing for a 179-unit Class A multifamily development in Oregon; and $67.5 million of bridge financing for the recapitalization of the newly opened 187-room Printing House – Tapestry Collection by Hilton property in Nashville. We are well on our way to another record year in originations.

While our private credit platform is meeting the immediate demand for financing, we’re also seeing opportunities that extend beyond traditional lending. Market dislocation is uncovering complex, transitional situations where capital solutions require a more opportunistic approach. Not in broad strokes but in carefully selected, well-structured transactions that require both creativity and discipline.

We are focused on opportunities where mispriced risk meets strong fundamentals, where we can structure downside protection and capture meaningful upside through preferred equity, recapitalizations and discounted acquisitions. Our underwriting process is rigorous, our execution repeatable and our orientation long term.

Across sectors, we are seeing the landscape shift. Hospitality is under pressure from deferred capital expenditures and near-term maturities. Multifamily faces valuation recalibration as cap rates rise and leverage recedes. Even in office, where secular headwinds persist, dislocation is beginning to yield selectively actionable opportunities. In each case, we are evaluating where structure, not just price, can drive durable, risk-adjusted returns.

This environment demands more than capital. It requires a stable, experienced team with the agility to work up and down the capital stack and the relationships to source deals early. That is what our platform was built for. With deep connectivity across lenders, owners and operators, we consistently uncover opportunities before they reach the broader market and execute with a clear philosophy, shared incentives and a team-based culture that rewards precision.

We are not chasing momentum or relying on market recovery to drive returns. We are focused on underwriting the business plan, aligning with operators and structuring for protection on the downside with the potential for asymmetric outcomes on the upside.

Like those who supplied the tools that built lasting fortunes during the Gold Rush, we are not chasing momentum or relying on chance. We are focused on providing the structure, discipline and alignment needed to uncover value where others see uncertainty. Cycles like this reward preparation and conviction, and we believe the months ahead will offer opportunities for those positioned to act with clarity and discipline.

We are ready to put the right tools to work.

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— Greg Friedman, Managing Principal & CEO

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Podcasts

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Navigating the "Messy Middle": How Private Market Investors Can Thrive in Today's Dislocated Market

The private markets landscape is experiencing unprecedented disruption, creating both challenges and opportunities for sophisticated investors. In a recent episode of Peachtree Point of View, Greg Friedman sat down with Brandon Sedloff, Chief Real Estate Officer at Juniper Square, to dissect the current state of alternative investments and reveal actionable strategies for navigating today's complex market environment.

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The Great Private Markets Divide

The investment management industry is witnessing a dramatic polarization. As Sedloff explains, we're seeing a "barbell effect" where mega-managers with hundreds of billions in assets continue to grow alongside highly specialized niche players, while the "messy middle" becomes increasingly challenging territory.

This shift presents a critical decision point for investors: align with diversified mega-managers or partner with specialized firms that demonstrate deep expertise in specific market segments. As Sedloff puts it, "What the market needs, what the market wants is they need differentiation... people want groups that are specialists that have a niche that really deeply understand the markets that they're in."

For investors, this means reassessing current allocations and potentially reallocating capital from generalist managers to true specialists.

Emerging Opportunities in Market Dislocation

The prolonged market dislocation and deleveraging cycle has created unique opportunities for prepared investors. Three key trends are reshaping the landscape:

Liquidity-Focused Products: With traditional distributions slowing, investors are demanding more flexible investment structures. This has sparked innovation in semi-liquid and interval fund products that provide periodic liquidity without sacrificing private market returns.

Private Wealth Expansion: The rise of retail participation in private markets represents a massive capital allocation shift. Sophisticated GPs are expanding beyond traditional institutional channels into RIA networks, broker-dealers, and accredited individual investors.

Operational Excellence: Investment managers are leveraging AI and advanced technology to create "operational alpha" – generating additional value through superior data analytics, investor relations, and fund administration.

Three Key Takeaways for Investors

Demand Differentiation: Don't accept generic investment strategies. Partner with managers who offer unique value propositions beyond standard metrics like track record or pipeline access. As Sedloff warns: "Let me tell you, it's not your proprietary pipeline. It's not the number of years of experience that your team has. It's not the track record that you brought with you from your other organization. So it must be something different." True differentiation comes from specialized expertise and operational advantages.
Match Capital Sources to Uses: Ensure your investment vehicles align with your liquidity needs and investment timeline. Individual investors have fundamentally different requirements than institutions, and your investment approach should reflect these differences.
Embrace Transparency: The future belongs to managers who provide enhanced reporting and real-time insights. Technology-forward firms that prioritize investor communication will outperform those clinging to outdated operational models.

Position Yourself for the Future

Today's market environment rewards investors who move decisively while others remain paralyzed by uncertainty. The firms thriving in this cycle are those with specialized expertise, superior operational infrastructure, and clear differentiation strategies.

Ready to dive deeper into these market insights and learn how industry leaders are navigating current challenges? Listen to the full conversation on the Peachtree Point of View podcast to discover additional strategies for maximizing returns in today's dislocated markets.

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General

Podcasts

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Hotel Investment Opportunities: Navigating Today's Dislocated Market

The hotel investment landscape is experiencing unprecedented dislocation, creating unique opportunities for savvy commercial real estate investors. In a recent episode of Peachtree Point of View, Greg Friedman sat down with Bennett Webster, Principal and Founder of Alchemy Real Estate Advisors, to explore how hotel investment strategies are evolving in this turbulent market environment.

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Current Hotel Investment Market: Distress Creates Opportunity

Today's hotel investment market is characterized by significant distress, but this dislocation is creating unprecedented opportunities. Webster's firm has closed 21 transactions in under a year, with another 19 under contract—demonstrating the active nature of the distressed hotel investment sector. "There's no shortage of ample opportunity out there," Webster notes, citing everything from note sales in Manhattan to receiver sales in Seattle.

The distress isn't limited to traditional foreclosures. Many hotel investment owners are facing mandatory exits due to brand renovation requirements, capital partner pressures, or late-cycle investment timelines,creating a robust pipeline of motivated sellers.

Hotel Investment Transaction Trends: Follow the Smart Money

Market data reveals compelling hotel investment trends:roughly 50% of hotel transaction volume in the first half of 2024 involved properties under $50 million, with most deals likely under $25 million. These smaller hotel investment opportunities maintain strong liquidity and price integrity, often selling at negative leverage to regional buyers focused on operational value creation.

Interestingly, previously distressed markets are attracting renewed hotel investment interest. As Webster observes, "I've seen more bullish activity, more bullish sentiment on San Francisco in the past couple of weeks than we have in past couple of years." This shift suggests that patient hotel investment capital is beginning to identify bottom-fishing opportunities in formerly challenged markets.

Strategic Hotel Investment Approaches

Successful hotel investment in today's market requires a refined approach. Webster recommends three key hotel investment strategies:

Diversification drives hotel investment success. Target markets where you have operational scale and established lender relationships. Rather than concentrating capital in a single trophy asset,multiple smaller hotel investment opportunities can provide superior risk-adjusted returns.

Creative financing enhances hotel investment returns. With traditional financing constrained, successful hotel investment buyers are leveraging CMBS loan assumptions, negotiating interest-only periods during stabilization, and structuring deals that address both buyer and seller liquidity requirements.

Long-term thinking maximizes hotel investment value. As Webster emphasizes, "Capital structure is temporary, but purchase price is permanent." For committed hotel investment professionals with operational capacity, current pricing dislocation presents generational buying opportunities—despite temporarily elevated financing costs.

Hotel Investment Catalysts: The Renovation Factor

A critical catalyst driving current hotel investment opportunities is deferred maintenance and brand-mandated renovations. Many hotel investment owners who delayed capital improvements during COVID are now facing ultimatums from hotel brands: renovate or lose the flag. This dynamic creates forced selling situations that benefit well-capitalized hotel investment buyers ready to commit the necessary capital for property improvements.

The current hotel investment environment strongly favors patient, well-capitalized investors who can move decisively when opportunities arise. For those positioned to execute, today's dislocated hotel investment market offers compelling entry points that may not exist once capital markets normalize and competition intensifies.

Ready to explore advanced hotel investment strategies and market insights? Listen to the full Peachtree Point of View podcast episode featuring Bennett Webster's complete analysis of today's hotel investment opportunities and market dynamics.

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